Annex to the Application of International Law to Cyber Operations

This Annex is part of the 2020 Policy brief Application of International Law to Cyber Operations: A Comparative Analysis of States' Views by Przemysław Roguski. The Annex contains relevant excerpts from speeches, statements and other official documents from the governments of Australia, Estonia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States, presenting the analysed States' views on how international law applies in cyberspace, which formed the source material for the comparative analysis. The excerpts are grouped thematically, reflecting the structure of the 2020 Policy brief.

Source materials used and referenced in this Annex:

Australia

Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2017). Australia's Cyber Engagement Strategy, Annex A: Australia's position on how international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace. [Australia: Cyber Engagement Strategy].

Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2019). Australia's Cyber Engagement Strategy, Annex A: Supplement to Australia's Position on the Application of International Law to State Conduct in Cyberspace. [Australia: 2019 Supplement].

Estonia

Kersti Kaljulaid. (2019). "President of the Republic at the opening of CyCon 2019". Speech of Estonian President Kersti Kaljulaid in Tallinn on 29 May 2019. [Estonia: Kaljulaid Speech].

France

French  Ministry of the Armies. (2019). International Law Applied to Operations in Cyberspace. [France: Operations in Cyberspace].

Germany

Norbert Riedel. (2015). "Cyber Security as a Dimension of Security Policy". Speech of Ambassador Norbert Riedel, Commissioner for International Cyber Policy, Federal Foreign Office, Berlin, at Chatham House, London on 18 May 2015. [Germany: Riedel Speech].

Deutscher Bundestag. (2015). Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Dr. Alexander S. Neu, Andrej Hunko, Wolfgang Gehrcke, weiterer Abgeordneter under der Fraktion DIE LINKE. BT-Drs. 18/6989. [Germany: BT-Drs.].

The Netherlands

Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2019). Letter to the parliament on the international legal order in cyberspace. Letter of 5 July 2019 from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the President of the House of Representatives on the international legal order in cyberspace. [Netherlands: Letter to Parliament].

United Kingdom

Jeremy Wright. (2018). "Cyber and International Law in the 21st Century". Speech by Attorney General Jeremy Wright QC MP on 23 May 2018. [UK: Wright Speech].

UK Ministry of Defence. (2016). Cyber Primer, 2nd ed. [UK: Cyber Primer].

United States

Harald Hongju Koh. (2012). "International Law in Cyberspace". Remarks by Harald Hongju Koh, Legal Adviser to the US Department of State, on 18 September 2012, reprinted in Harvard Int'l LJ Online, 54, December 2012, pp. 1-12. [US: Koh Speech].

Brian J. Egan. (2016). "Remarks on International Law and Stability in Cyberspace". Remarks by Brian J. Egan, Legal Adviser to the U.S. Department of State, on 10 November 2016, reprinted in Berkeley Journal of Int'l Law, 35 (1), pp. 169-180. [US: Egan Speech].

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About the author

This brief is written by Przemysław Roguski, a Lecturer in Law at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków (Poland) and an expert on cybersecurity and international law at the Kościuszko Institute. He was a former Visiting Fellow with The Hague Program for Cyber Norms in September 2019.

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